A generic sample preparation method for the multiplex analysis of seven therapeutic monoclonal antibodies in human plasma or serum with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

| GregoryGregory | 0 Comment
A generic sample preparation method for the multiplex analysis of seven therapeutic monoclonal antibodies in human plasma or serum with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
Because of the rising variety of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) used within the clinic, there’s an rising want for sturdy analytical strategies to quantify complete mAb concentrations in human plasma for medical research and therapeutic drug monitoring.
We developed a simple, fast, and sturdy pattern preparation methodology for liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) evaluation. The tactic was validated for infliximab (IFX), rituximab (RTX), cetuximab (CTX), dupilumab (DPL), dinutuximab (DNX), vedolizumab (VDZ), and emicizumab (EMZ). Saturated ammonium sulfate (AS) was used to precipitate immunoglobulins in human plasma.
After centrifugation, supernatant containing albumin was decanted, and the precipitated immunoglobulin fraction was re-dissolved in buffer containing 6M guanidine. This fraction was then utterly denatured, lowered, alkylated, and trypsin digested. Lastly, signature peptides from the seven mAbs had been concurrently quantified on LC-MS/MS along with their inside requirements secure isotopically labeled peptide counterparts.
The linear dynamic ranges (1 – 512 mg/L) of IFX, CTX, RTX, and EMZ confirmed wonderful (R2 > 0.999) linearity and people of DPL, DNX, and VDZ confirmed good (R2 > 0.995) linearity. The tactic was validated in accordance with the EMA tips. EDTA plasma, sodium citrate plasma, heparin plasma, and serum yielded comparable outcomes.
Ready samples had been secure at room temperature (20°C) and at 5°C for three days, and confirmed no decline in focus for all examined mAbs. This described methodology, which has the benefit of a simple, fast, and sturdy pre-analytical pattern preparation, can be utilized as a template to quantify different mAbs in human plasma or serum.

Reactions and COVID-19 illness development following SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibody infusion

SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been proposed as a remedy for gentle to average COVID-19, with favorable outcomes reported in medical trials and an emergency use authorization granted by the Meals and Drug Administration. Actual-world knowledge stay restricted, nevertheless, and thus this evaluation presents findings from over 6,500 outpatient administrations of mAb at services affiliated with a big healthcare group in the US.
Inside 48 hours of mAb infusion, 15.6% (1,043) of sufferers obtained a drug that was indicative of a potential response to the infusion; the vast majority of these had been gentle (e.g., acetaminophen). Roughly 5.2% of sufferers who obtained mAb (n=347) had a post-infusion emergency division go to or admission for COVID-19 illness development.
The outcomes of this evaluation point out that sufferers who obtain mAb have a low chance of each an instantaneous detrimental response to the remedy in addition to future inpatient admission associated to COVID-19 illness development.

A SARS-CoV-2 antibody broadly neutralizes SARS-related coronaviruses and variants by coordinated recognition of a virus-vulnerable web site

Potent neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 antibodies typically goal the spike protein receptor-binding web site (RBS), however the variability of RBS epitopes hampers broad neutralization of a number of sarbecoviruses and drifted viruses. Right here, utilizing humanized mice, we recognized an RBS antibody with a germline VH gene that potently neutralized SARS-related coronaviruses, together with SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 variants.
X-ray crystallography revealed coordinated recognition by the heavy chain of non-RBS conserved websites and the sunshine chain of RBS with a binding angle mimicking the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. The minimal footprints within the hypervariable area of RBS contributed to the breadth of neutralization, which was enhanced by immunoglobulin G3 (IgG3) class switching.
The coordinated binding resulted in broad neutralization of SARS-CoV and rising SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. Low-dose therapeutic antibody remedy in hamsters lowered the virus titers and morbidity throughout SARS-CoV-2 problem. The structural foundation for broad neutralizing exercise could inform the design of a broad spectrum of therapeutics and vaccines.

Pharmacodynamic measures inside tumors expose differential exercise of PD(L)-1 antibody therapeutics

Macromolecules reminiscent of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are prone to expertise poor tumor penetration due to their massive dimension, and thus low drug publicity of goal cells inside a tumor might contribute to suboptimal responses. Given the problem of insufficient quantitative instruments to evaluate mAb exercise inside tumors, we hypothesized that measurement of accessible goal ranges in tumors might elucidate the pharmacologic exercise of a mAb and might be used to match the exercise of various mAbs.
Utilizing positron emission tomography (PET), we measured the pharmacodynamics of immune checkpoint protein programmed-death ligand 1 (PD-L1) to guage pharmacologic results of mAbs concentrating on PD-L1 and its receptor programmed cell demise protein 1 (PD-1). For PD-L1 quantification, we first developed a small peptide-based fluorine-18-labeled PET imaging agent, [18F]DK222, which supplied high-contrast pictures in preclinical fashions.
We then quantified accessible PD-L1 ranges within the tumor mattress throughout remedy with anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 mAbs. Making use of mixed-effects fashions to those knowledge, we discovered delicate variations within the pharmacodynamic results of two anti-PD-1 mAbs (nivolumab and pembrolizumab).
In distinction, we noticed starkly divergent goal engagement with anti-PD-L1 mAbs (atezolizumab, avelumab, and durvalumab) that had been administered at equal doses, correlating with differential results on tumor development. Thus, we present that measuring PD-L1 pharmacodynamics informs mechanistic understanding of therapeutic mAbs concentrating on PD-L1 and PD-1.
These findings exhibit the worth of quantifying goal pharmacodynamics to elucidate the pharmacologic exercise of mAbs, unbiased of mAb biophysical properties and inclusive of all physiological variables, that are extremely heterogeneous inside and throughout tumors and sufferers.

Ehrlichia chaffeensis and E. canis hypothetical protein immunoanalysis reveals small secreted immunodominant proteins and conformation-dependent antibody epitopes

Immunomolecular characterization of Ehrlichia chaffeensis (E. ch.) and E. canis (E. ca.) has outlined protein orthologs, together with tandem repeat proteins (TRPs) which have immunodominant linear antibody epitopes. On this examine, we mixed bioinformatic evaluation and cell-free protein expression to determine undiscovered immunoreactive E. ch. and E. ca. hypothetical proteins.
Antigenicity of the E. ch. and E. ca. ORFeomes (n = 1105 and n = 925, respectively) was analyzed by the sequence-based prediction mannequin ANTIGENpro, and we recognized ~250 ORFs in every respective ORFeome as extremely antigenic. The hypothetical proteins (E. ch. n = 93 and E. ca. n = 98) current within the prime 250 antigenic ORFs had been additional investigated on this examine. By ELISA, 46 E. ch. and 30 E. ca.
IVTT-expressed hypothetical proteins reacted with antibodies in sera from naturally E. ch.-infected sufferers or E. ca.-infected canine. Furthermore, 15 E. ch. and 16 E. ca. proteins persistently reacted with a panel of sera from sufferers or canine, together with many that exposed the immunoreactivity of “gold commonplace” TRPs. Antibody epitopes in most (>70%) of those proteins exhibited partial or full conformation-dependence.

Cytokeratin 8 (Cytokeratin 8) Antibody
20-abx007492
  • EUR 300.00
  • EUR 439.00
  • EUR 189.00
  • 100 ul
  • 200 ul
  • 30 ul

Cytokeratin 14 (Cytokeratin 14) Antibody
20-abx009056
  • EUR 300.00
  • EUR 439.00
  • EUR 189.00
  • 100 ul
  • 200 ul
  • 30 ul

Cytokeratin 8 (Cytokeratin 8) Antibody
20-abx009059
  • EUR 300.00
  • EUR 439.00
  • EUR 189.00
  • 100 ul
  • 200 ul
  • 30 ul

Cytokeratin 7 (Cytokeratin 7) Antibody
20-abx009060
  • EUR 300.00
  • EUR 439.00
  • EUR 189.00
  • 100 ul
  • 200 ul
  • 30 ul

Cytokeratin 8 (Cytokeratin 8) Antibody
abx010621-100ul 100 ul
EUR 411

Cytokeratin 14 (Cytokeratin 14) Antibody
abx232195-100ug 100 ug
EUR 481

Cytokeratin 14 (Cytokeratin 14) Antibody
abx232196-100ug 100 ug
EUR 509

Cytokeratin 14 (Cytokeratin 14) Antibody
abx232197-100ug 100 ug
EUR 551

Cytokeratin 15 (Cytokeratin 15) Antibody
abx232198-100ug 100 ug
EUR 481

Cytokeratin 15 (Cytokeratin 15) Antibody
abx232199-100ug 100 ug
EUR 509

Cytokeratin 4 (Cytokeratin 4) Antibody
abx232214-100ug 100 ug
EUR 481

Cytokeratin 7 (Cytokeratin 7) Antibody
abx232217-100ug 100 ug
EUR 509

Cytokeratin 7 (Cytokeratin 7) Antibody
abx232218-100ug 100 ug
EUR 551

Cytokeratin 8 (Cytokeratin 8) Antibody
abx232221-100ug 100 ug
EUR 481

Cytokeratin 8 (Cytokeratin 8) Antibody
abx232222-100ug 100 ug
EUR 551

Cytokeratin 8 (Cytokeratin 8) Antibody
abx232223-100ug 100 ug
EUR 551

Cytokeratin 15 (Cytokeratin 15) Antibody
20-abx225265
  • EUR 370.00
  • EUR 606.00
  • EUR 314.00
  • 100 ul
  • 200 ul
  • 50 ul

Cytokeratin 8 (Cytokeratin 8) Antibody (FITC)
abx139679-01mg 0.1 mg
EUR 425

Cytokeratin antibody
10R-6655 100 ug
EUR 521
Description: Mouse monoclonal Cytokeratin antibody

Cytokeratin antibody
10R-6656 100 ug
EUR 521
Description: Mouse monoclonal Cytokeratin antibody

Cytokeratin antibody
20R-CP006 100 uL
EUR 459
Description: Guinea Pig polyclonal Cytokeratin antibody

Anti-Cytokeratin antibody
STJ16100356 1 mL
EUR 696

Anti-Cytokeratin antibody
STJ16100357 1 mL
EUR 560

Anti-Cytokeratin antibody
STJ16100358 1 mL
EUR 762

CK18 (Cytokeratin 18)
MO47021 100 ul
EUR 349

CK19 (Cytokeratin 19)
MO47022 100 ul
EUR 349

Cytokeratin 2e antibody
22106-100ul 100ul
EUR 390

Cytokeratin 13 antibody
22917-100ul 100ul
EUR 390

Cytokeratin 20 antibody
22920-100ul 100ul
EUR 390

pan-Cytokeratin antibody
23032-100ul 100ul
EUR 390

Cytokeratin-1 Antibody
abx037856-100ug 100 ug
EUR 391

Cytokeratin 10 Antibody
abx139680-01mg 0.1 mg
EUR 356

Cytokeratin 23 Antibody
20-abx137380
  • EUR 704.00
  • EUR 328.00
  • EUR 230.00
  • 100 ug
  • 20 ug
  • 5 ug

Cytokeratin 84 Antibody
20-abx009050
  • EUR 300.00
  • EUR 439.00
  • EUR 189.00
  • 100 ul
  • 200 ul
  • 30 ul

Cytokeratin 10 Antibody
20-abx009058
  • EUR 300.00
  • EUR 439.00
  • EUR 189.00
  • 100 ul
  • 200 ul
  • 30 ul

Cytokeratin 19 Antibody
abx024063-100ug 100 ug
EUR 411

Cytokeratin (CKx) Antibody
abx413494-1ml 1 ml
EUR 871

Cytokeratin (CKx) Antibody
abx413495-01ml 0.1 ml
EUR 342

Cytokeratin 19 Protein
20-abx261011
  • EUR 3418.00
  • EUR 328.00
  • EUR 230.00
  • 1 mg
  • 20 ug
  • 5 ug

Cytokeratin 16 Protein
20-abx261285
  • EUR 3418.00
  • EUR 328.00
  • EUR 230.00
  • 1 mg
  • 20 ug
  • 5 ug

Cytokeratin 19 Protein
20-abx261720
  • EUR 3530.00
  • EUR 328.00
  • EUR 230.00
  • 1 mg
  • 20 ug
  • 5 ug

Cytokeratin 20 Protein
20-abx261929
  • EUR 4490.00
  • EUR 328.00
  • EUR 230.00
  • 1 mg
  • 20 ug
  • 5 ug

Cytokeratin 17 Protein
20-abx261959
  • EUR 4490.00
  • EUR 328.00
  • EUR 230.00
  • 1 mg
  • 20 ug
  • 5 ug

Cytokeratin 18 Protein
20-abx261980
  • EUR 4490.00
  • EUR 328.00
  • EUR 230.00
  • 1 mg
  • 20 ug
  • 5 ug

Cytokeratin 20 Protein
20-abx261981
  • EUR 4490.00
  • EUR 328.00
  • EUR 230.00
  • 1 mg
  • 20 ug
  • 5 ug

Cytokeratin 14 Protein
20-abx262029
  • EUR 4490.00
  • EUR 328.00
  • EUR 230.00
  • 1 mg
  • 20 ug
  • 5 ug

Cytokeratin 18 Protein
20-abx262306
  • EUR 328.00
  • EUR 5924.00
  • EUR 230.00
  • 10 ug
  • 1 mg
  • 2 µg

Cytokeratin 14 Protein
20-abx262842
  • EUR 6397.00
  • EUR 328.00
  • EUR 230.00
  • 1 mg
  • 20 ug
  • 5 ug

Cytokeratin 6A Antibody
abx232215-100ug 100 ug
EUR 509

Cytokeratin 5 Antibody
39247-100ul 100ul
EUR 390

Cytokeratin-1 Antibody
39339-100ul 100ul
EUR 390

Cytokeratin 19 Antibody
45016-100ul 100ul
EUR 252

Cytokeratin 19 Antibody
45016-50ul 50ul
EUR 187

Cytokeratin-7 Antibody
48356-100ul 100ul
EUR 333

Cytokeratin-7 Antibody
48356-50ul 50ul
EUR 239

Cytokeratin 19 Antibody
48622-100ul 100ul
EUR 333

Cytokeratin 19 Antibody
48622-50ul 50ul
EUR 239

Cytokeratin 20 Antibody
48624-100ul 100ul
EUR 333

Cytokeratin 20 Antibody
48624-50ul 50ul
EUR 239

Cytokeratin 17 Antibody
48633-100ul 100ul
EUR 333

Cytokeratin 17 Antibody
48633-50ul 50ul
EUR 239

Cytokeratin 18 Antibody
48696-100ul 100ul
EUR 333

Cytokeratin 18 Antibody
48696-50ul 50ul
EUR 239

Cytokeratin 5 Antibody
48720-100ul 100ul
EUR 333

Cytokeratin 5 Antibody
48720-50ul 50ul
EUR 239

Cytokeratin 15 Antibody
48891-100ul 100ul
EUR 333

Cytokeratin 15 Antibody
48891-50ul 50ul
EUR 239

Cytokeratin 7 Antibody
48899-100ul 100ul
EUR 333

Cytokeratin 7 Antibody
48899-50ul 50ul
EUR 239

Cytokeratin 10 Antibody
48912-100ul 100ul
EUR 333

Cytokeratin 10 Antibody
48912-50ul 50ul
EUR 239

Cytokeratin 16 Antibody
48928-100ul 100ul
EUR 333

Cytokeratin 16 Antibody
48928-50ul 50ul
EUR 239

Cytokeratin 14 Antibody
48956-100ul 100ul
EUR 333

Cytokeratin 14 Antibody
48956-50ul 50ul
EUR 239

Cytokeratin 5 Antibody
48957-100ul 100ul
EUR 333

Cytokeratin 5 Antibody
48957-50ul 50ul
EUR 239

Cytokeratin 1 Antibody
49059-100ul 100ul
EUR 333

Cytokeratin 1 Antibody
49059-50ul 50ul
EUR 239

Cytokeratin 13 Antibody
49069-100ul 100ul
EUR 333

Cytokeratin 13 Antibody
49069-50ul 50ul
EUR 239

Cytokeratin 6 Antibody
49086-100ul 100ul
EUR 333

Cytokeratin 6 Antibody
49086-50ul 50ul
EUR 239

Cytokeratin 4 Antibody
49087-100ul 100ul
EUR 333

Cytokeratin 4 Antibody
49087-50ul 50ul
EUR 239

Cytokeratin 4 Antibody
49108-100ul 100ul
EUR 333

Cytokeratin 4 Antibody
49108-50ul 50ul
EUR 239

Cytokeratin 9 Antibody
49191-100ul 100ul
EUR 333

Cytokeratin 9 Antibody
49191-50ul 50ul
EUR 239

Cytokeratin 2e Antibody
49220-100ul 100ul
EUR 333

Cytokeratin 2e Antibody
49220-50ul 50ul
EUR 239

Cytokeratin 18 Antibody
P1007-01m 0.1m
EUR 173

Cytokeratin 18 Antibody
P1007-1ml 1ml
EUR 441

Cytokeratin 19 Antibody
P1008-01m 0.1m
EUR 202

Cytokeratin 19 Antibody
P1008-1ml 1ml
EUR 615

Cytokeratin?13 Antibody
ABF5102 100 ug
EUR 438

Cytokeratin?19 Antibody
ABF5106 100 ug
EUR 438

Anti-Cytokeratin 8
DB098RTU-15 15 ml
EUR 309
Description: rabbit monospecific clonal antibodies for ihc-p application; prediluted (ready to use)

Anti-Cytokeratin 8
DB098RTU-7 7 ml
EUR 204
Description: rabbit monospecific clonal antibodies for ihc-p application; prediluted (ready to use)

Anti-Cytokeratin 14
DB099RTU-15 15 ml
EUR 302
Description: rabbit monospecific clonal antibodies for ihc-p application; prediluted (ready to use)

Anti-Cytokeratin 14
DB099RTU-7 7 ml
EUR 200
Description: rabbit monospecific clonal antibodies for ihc-p application; prediluted (ready to use)

Anti-Cytokeratin 16
DB100RTU-15 15 ml
EUR 302
Description: rabbit monospecific clonal antibodies for ihc-p application; prediluted (ready to use)

Anti-Cytokeratin 16
DB100RTU-7 7 ml
EUR 200
Description: rabbit monospecific clonal antibodies for ihc-p application; prediluted (ready to use)

Anti-Cytokeratin 17
DB101RTU-15 15 ml
EUR 302
Description: rabbit monospecific clonal antibodies for ihc-p application; prediluted (ready to use)

Anti-Cytokeratin 17
DB101RTU-7 7 ml
EUR 200
Description: rabbit monospecific clonal antibodies for ihc-p application; prediluted (ready to use)

Anti-Cytokeratin 18
DB102RTU-15 15 ml
EUR 265
Description: rabbit monospecific clonal antibodies for ihc-p application; prediluted (ready to use)

Anti-Cytokeratin 18
DB102RTU-7 7 ml
EUR 177
Description: rabbit monospecific clonal antibodies for ihc-p application; prediluted (ready to use)

Anti-Cytokeratin 19
DB103RTU-15 15 ml
EUR 265
Description: rabbit monospecific clonal antibodies for ihc-p application; prediluted (ready to use)

Anti-Cytokeratin 19
DB103RTU-7 7 ml
EUR 177
Description: rabbit monospecific clonal antibodies for ihc-p application; prediluted (ready to use)

Anti-Cytokeratin 20
DB119RTU-15 15 ml
EUR 309
Description: rabbit monospecific clonal antibodies for ihc-p application; prediluted (ready to use)

Anti-Cytokeratin 20
DB119RTU-7 7 ml
EUR 204
Description: rabbit monospecific clonal antibodies for ihc-p application; prediluted (ready to use)

Anti-Cytokeratin 7
DB-051-0.1 100 μl
EUR 187
Description: rabbit monospecific clonal antibodies for ihc-p application; concentrated

Anti-Cytokeratin 7
DB-051-0.2 200 μl
EUR 261
Description: rabbit monospecific clonal antibodies for ihc-p application; concentrated

Anti-Cytokeratin 7
DB-051-0.5 500 μl
EUR 335
Description: rabbit monospecific clonal antibodies for ihc-p application; concentrated

Anti-Cytokeratin 7
DB-051-1 1 ml
EUR 531
Description: rabbit monospecific clonal antibodies for ihc-p application; concentrated

Anti-Cytokeratin 7
DB-051-RTU-15 15 ml
EUR 309
Description: rabbit monospecific clonal antibodies for ihc-p application; prediluted (ready to use)

Anti-Cytokeratin 7
DB-051-RTU-7 7 ml
EUR 204
Description: rabbit monospecific clonal antibodies for ihc-p application; prediluted (ready to use)

Anti-Cytokeratin 8
DB-098-0.1 100 μl
EUR 187
Description: rabbit monospecific clonal antibodies for ihc-p application; concentrated

Anti-Cytokeratin 8
DB-098-0.2 200 μl
EUR 261
Description: rabbit monospecific clonal antibodies for ihc-p application; concentrated

Anti-Cytokeratin 8
DB-098-0.5 500 μl
EUR 335
Description: rabbit monospecific clonal antibodies for ihc-p application; concentrated

Anti-Cytokeratin 8
DB-098-1 1 ml
EUR 531
Description: rabbit monospecific clonal antibodies for ihc-p application; concentrated

Anti-Cytokeratin 8
DB-098-RTU-15 15 ml
EUR 309
Description: rabbit monospecific clonal antibodies for ihc-p application; prediluted (ready to use)

Anti-Cytokeratin 8
DB-098-RTU-7 7 ml
EUR 204
Description: rabbit monospecific clonal antibodies for ihc-p application; prediluted (ready to use)

Anti-Cytokeratin 14
DB-099-0.1 100 μl
EUR 183
Description: rabbit monospecific clonal antibodies for ihc-p application; concentrated

Anti-Cytokeratin 14
DB-099-0.2 200 μl
EUR 255
Description: rabbit monospecific clonal antibodies for ihc-p application; concentrated

Anti-Cytokeratin 14
DB-099-0.5 500 μl
EUR 327
Description: rabbit monospecific clonal antibodies for ihc-p application; concentrated

Anti-Cytokeratin 14
DB-099-1 1 ml
EUR 518
Description: rabbit monospecific clonal antibodies for ihc-p application; concentrated

Anti-Cytokeratin 14
DB-099-RTU-15 15 ml
EUR 302
Description: rabbit monospecific clonal antibodies for ihc-p application; prediluted (ready to use)

Anti-Cytokeratin 14
DB-099-RTU-7 7 ml
EUR 200
Description: rabbit monospecific clonal antibodies for ihc-p application; prediluted (ready to use)

Anti-Cytokeratin 16
DB-100-0.1 100 μl
EUR 183
Description: rabbit monospecific clonal antibodies for ihc-p application; concentrated

Anti-Cytokeratin 16
DB-100-0.2 200 μl
EUR 255
Description: rabbit monospecific clonal antibodies for ihc-p application; concentrated

Anti-Cytokeratin 16
DB-100-0.5 500 μl
EUR 327
Description: rabbit monospecific clonal antibodies for ihc-p application; concentrated

Anti-Cytokeratin 16
DB-100-1 1 ml
EUR 518
Description: rabbit monospecific clonal antibodies for ihc-p application; concentrated

Anti-Cytokeratin 16
DB-100-RTU-15 15 ml
EUR 302
Description: rabbit monospecific clonal antibodies for ihc-p application; prediluted (ready to use)

Anti-Cytokeratin 16
DB-100-RTU-7 7 ml
EUR 200
Description: rabbit monospecific clonal antibodies for ihc-p application; prediluted (ready to use)

Anti-Cytokeratin 17
DB-101-0.1 100 μl
EUR 183
Description: rabbit monospecific clonal antibodies for ihc-p application; concentrated

Anti-Cytokeratin 17
DB-101-0.2 200 μl
EUR 255
Description: rabbit monospecific clonal antibodies for ihc-p application; concentrated

Anti-Cytokeratin 17
DB-101-0.5 500 μl
EUR 327
Description: rabbit monospecific clonal antibodies for ihc-p application; concentrated

Anti-Cytokeratin 17
DB-101-1 1 ml
EUR 518
Description: rabbit monospecific clonal antibodies for ihc-p application; concentrated

Anti-Cytokeratin 17
DB-101-RTU-15 15 ml
EUR 302
Description: rabbit monospecific clonal antibodies for ihc-p application; prediluted (ready to use)

Anti-Cytokeratin 17
DB-101-RTU-7 7 ml
EUR 200
Description: rabbit monospecific clonal antibodies for ihc-p application; prediluted (ready to use)

Anti-Cytokeratin 18
DB-102-0.1 100 μl
EUR 163
Description: rabbit monospecific clonal antibodies for ihc-p application; concentrated

Anti-Cytokeratin 18
DB-102-0.2 200 μl
EUR 224
Description: rabbit monospecific clonal antibodies for ihc-p application; concentrated

Anti-Cytokeratin 18
DB-102-0.5 500 μl
EUR 286
Description: rabbit monospecific clonal antibodies for ihc-p application; concentrated
The bulk (23/31; 74%) of the most important immunoreactive proteins recognized had been small (≤250 aa), and 20/31 (65%) had been predicted to be secreted effectors. Not like the robust linear antibody epitopes beforehand recognized in TRP and OMP orthologs, there have been contrasting variations within the E. ch. and E. ca. antigenic repertoires, epitopes and ortholog immunoreactivity. This examine reveals quite a few beforehand undefined immunodominant and subdominant antigens, and illustrates the breadth, complexity, and variety of immunoreactive proteins/epitopes in Ehrlichia.
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